Does Greece Allow Dual Citizenship? Complete Guide

Greece is a sought-after destination for many due to its rich history, beautiful landscapes, and the benefits that come with European Union citizenship. If you’re wondering, “Does Greece allow dual citizenship?” — the answer is yes. Greek law permits dual citizenship, allowing individuals to hold Greek citizenship alongside another nationality.

Greece’s rich history, stunning landscapes, and vibrant culture offer more than just beauty — they present a unique opportunity for those seeking Greek citizenship. This coveted status connects you to a land of tradition and potential, whether you’re tracing your Greek ancestry or pursuing new opportunities. Understanding the paths to citizenship means navigating eligibility criteria, legal processes, and bureaucratic steps, each leading to the gateway of Greek identity.

In this guide, we will cover how to become a greek citizen and everything you need to know about obtaining Greek dual citizenship, including eligibility criteria, application processes, benefits, and common pitfalls. Whether you have Greek ancestry, are considering naturalization, or are exploring investment options like the Greece Golden Visa, this comprehensive resource will provide valuable insights.

What is Dual Citizenship?

Dual citizenship allows an individual to be a legal citizen of two countries simultaneously. As a dual citizen, you enjoy the rights and responsibilities of both countries, such as:

• The right to work and live in both countries.
• Access to healthcare and education.
• Ability to own property and conduct business.
• Voting rights in both countries.

Greek citizenship offers a unique blend of rich heritage and practical benefits. It connects you to a legacy of ancient wisdom and resilience while providing access to the opportunities of a thriving European Union member. With advantages like visa-free travel across the EU, access to quality healthcare and education, and economic growth potential, Greek citizenship opens doors to a prosperous and fulfilling life.

Benefits of Greek Dual Citizenship

Greek dual citizenship provides significant benefits, such as unlimited travel within Europe and the right to vote in Greek elections. To be eligible, you must meet specific criteria, which we will outline in the following sections. Keep in mind that obtaining Greek citizenship may also involve certain legal and fiscal responsibilities, depending on bilateral agreements.

Holding Greek dual citizenship comes with numerous advantages:

1. Visa-Free Travel & European Union Privileges: Greek citizenship grants access to the Schengen Area and other nations with visa agreements, along with the invaluable privilege of living, working, and studying in any EU member state, offering vast opportunities across Europe.
2. Healthcare and Education Benefits: Greek citizens enjoy access to the country’s excellent public healthcare system and high-quality education, with the added advantage of enrolling in prestigious universities and research institutions across the EU.
3. Economic and Business Opportunities: Holding Greek citizenship opens doors to a range of economic prospects, allowing individuals to invest, work, and conduct business across the EU with fewer restrictions, fostering a dynamic environment for growth.
4. Property Ownership: Greek citizenship allows individuals to purchase and own property not only in Greece but also across other EU member states, providing significant investment potential.
5. Cultural Immersion: Citizenship offers a unique chance to engage with Greece’s rich culture, including its festivals, traditions, and gastronomy, fostering a strong sense of belonging in a society steeped in history.
6. Active Political Participation: Greek citizens have the right to vote in national and EU elections, contributing to the democratic process and shaping the future of both Greece and the European Union.
7. Heritage and Family Connection: For those with Greek ancestry, citizenship reconnects individuals with their family’s roots, allowing them to honor and embrace their heritage while strengthening their personal identity.
8. Global Citizenship: Greek citizenship offers a unique blend of ancient legacy and modern global influence, empowering individuals to build a multifaceted identity that bridges cultural traditions and contemporary opportunities.

Greek dual citizenship allows unrestricted travel, living, and working within the EU. It simplifies family matters like marriage, adoption, and inheritance processes in Greece. Dual citizens also benefit from expanded investment opportunities and access to markets in both Greece and their other country of citizenship.

Eligibility Criteria for Greek Dual Citizenship

To become a Greek citizen, certain eligibility criteria must be met, depending on the route you choose. Whether through residency, investment, marriage, or descent, each pathway has specific requirements. In general, applicants must be at least 18 years old, have lived in Greece for a minimum of seven years, speak Greek, and have a clean criminal record. Some exceptions allow for faster citizenship, such as for EU citizens, spouses of Greek nationals, or political refugees. Here are the key steps and opportunities for acquiring Greek dual citizenship.

1. Greece Golden Visa: Residency by Investment

The Greece Golden Visa program allows non-EU citizens to obtain Greek residency through various investment options. After holding a residency permit for 7 years, individuals are eligible to apply for Greek citizenship. Here are the key investment paths and details:

Real Estate Investment Options:

• €250,000 Minimum Investment: For properties outside Athens, Thessaloniki, Mykonos, and Santorini, you can invest in one or multiple properties to meet the minimum threshold.
• €500,000 Minimum Investment: For properties in Athens, Thessaloniki, Mykonos, and Santorini, the investment must be in a single property.
• Upcoming Changes: The investment thresholds will increase to €400,000 and €800,000, respectively, by the fourth quarter of 2024.
• Lease Agreement Option: You can also qualify by entering into a 10-year lease agreement for hotel accommodations or furnished tourist residences within integrated tourist resorts.

Other Investment Options:

• €400,000 Investment: This can be made in the following:
  • Greek government bonds.
  • Bonds or shares in Greek real estate investment companies.
  • Shares and bonds in venture funds and private equity firms based in Greece.

Program Benefits:

• Residency: After securing the investment, applicants receive Greek residency, with the flexibility to live, work, and invest in Greece.
• EU Access: The Golden Visa provides access to the European Union, allowing visa-free travel within the Schengen Area.
• Citizenship: After 7 years of holding residency, you can apply for Greek citizenship.
• Flexibility: There is no requirement to live in Greece full-time, making it an appealing option for those who wish to maintain their primary residence elsewhere.

The Greece Golden Visa program provides numerous opportunities for investors seeking residency in Greece and eventual citizenship while enjoying the benefits of EU membership.

2. Greek Citizenship by Descent

If born in Greece, you can obtain Greek citizenship with minimal requirements, even if your parents aren’t Greek. For those born outside Greece, you can acquire dual citizenship if at least one parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent is Greek. However, tracing this lineage becomes more difficult the further back you go. 

You may qualify if:

• You have at least one parent who is a Greek citizen, regardless of where you were born.
• You can provide documentation proving your parent’s Greek citizenship (e.g., birth certificates).

To acquire Greek citizenship through descent, you must prove your Greek ancestry by gathering the necessary documents, such as your ancestor’s birth certificate, and any relevant marital status documents. Submit your application to the appropriate Greek authority for review. Once approved, you can apply for your Greek passport at the Passport Office in Greece or at the Greek Consulate in your country of residence, officially becoming a Greek citizen.

3. By Naturalization

Greek citizenship by naturalization lets individuals become citizens after living in Greece as a permanent resident for at least seven years, meeting specific criteria. This process helps newcomers integrate into Greek society, embracing its language and culture. You can apply for Greek citizenship through naturalization if:

• You have lived legally in Greece for at least 7 years (reduced to 3 years if married to a Greek citizen or have children).
• You have a clean criminal record.
• You can demonstrate proficiency in the Greek language and knowledge of Greek culture.

4. Greek Citizenship Through Marriage

It is possible to obtain Greek dual citizenship through marriage to a Greek citizen, but citizenship is not granted immediately after marriage. If you’re married to a Greek citizen, you may qualify after 3 years of legal residence in Greece.

5. Exceptional Cases

Citizenship may be granted for exceptional reasons, such as providing significant contributions to Greece (e.g., scientific, cultural, or economic achievements).

Greek dual citizenship comes with legal responsibilities, such as potential double taxation based on bilateral agreements. Male citizens aged 19 to 45 may be required to serve in the military, unless exempt. Additionally, dual citizens must follow the laws of both Greece and their other country of citizenship, including residency requirements and time limits on living abroad.

How to Apply for Greek Dual Citizenship

Obtaining Greek citizenship involves careful preparation, gathering the necessary documentation, and following specific steps depending on the pathway you choose — by descent, naturalization, marriage, or investment. Here’s a comprehensive guide for how to become a greek citizen:

1. Gather Required Documents

The first step in your citizenship journey is collecting the essential documents. Requirements may vary depending on your specific pathway:

• Birth Certificate(s): A certified copy of your birth certificate is crucial to establish identity and lineage. If applying through descent, provide records linking you to Greek ancestors.
• Marriage Certificate (if applicable): If applying for citizenship through marriage, a marriage certificate is required to prove your union with a Greek citizen.
• Passport and Identification Documents: These serve as proof of your identity and nationality. A valid passport or government-issued ID is mandatory.
• Proof of Residency (for Naturalization Applicants): If applying through naturalization, you must provide documents showing you have legally resided in Greece for at least seven years. This could include a residency permit, utility bills, or lease agreements.
• Certificate of Greek Language Proficiency (for Naturalization): Demonstrating proficiency in Greek is necessary for naturalization. This certificate shows your ability to integrate into Greek society.

For those applying through the Greece Golden Visa Program, specific documentation related to investment is also required:

• Investment Records: Proof of the required investment (€250,000, €500,000, or higher depending on the location and type of investment).
• Greek Non-Resident Tax Number: Necessary for conducting financial transactions in Greece.
• Bank Account Details: Opening a Greek bank account can simplify the investment process.
• Legal Authorization: If using a power of attorney for property acquisition, you’ll need the appropriate legal documents.

The Premium Citizen team is ready to assist you in finding the ideal property from a range of Greece Golden Visa properties available.

2. Submit Your Application

Once you have gathered the required documents, you need to submit your application based on your location:

• Applicants Abroad: Submit your application to the nearest Greek consulate or embassy. The consulate will guide you through the process and ensure all documents are complete.
• Applicants in Greece: Submit your application at the local municipality office or, in some cases, the Ministry of Interior.

If applying through the Golden Visa Program, ensure that you have completed the property acquisition process, including:

• Legal due diligence on the property.
• Execution of a promissory sale and purchase agreement.
• Final transfer of ownership through a public deed.

Premium Citizen offers expert assistance to ensure a smooth and stress-free application process.

3. Interview

For naturalization applicants, an interview is required to assess your integration into Greek society. The interview typically covers:

• Language Proficiency: You may need to demonstrate fluency in Greek during the interview.
• Cultural and Historical Knowledge: Questions on Greek history, culture, values, and traditions may be asked to evaluate your understanding of Greek society.

This step ensures that you are well-integrated and ready to embrace Greek citizenship fully.

4. Biometric Data Submission (for Golden Visa Applicants)

For those obtaining residency through the Greece Golden Visa, the government will request the submission of biometric data, such as fingerprints. This step must be completed in person in Greece and is required for visa issuance.

Premium Citizen can assist you with expert guidance and ensure a hassle-free biometric submission process.

5. Approval and Citizenship Oath

After your application has been reviewed and approved, the final step is taking the oath of allegiance:

• Citizenship Oath: In a formal ceremony, you pledge loyalty to Greece and its constitution. This step finalizes your citizenship status.
• Greek Citizenship Certificate: Upon taking the oath, you receive your official citizenship certificate, confirming your status as a Greek citizen and granting you all associated rights and privileges.

For Golden Visa holders, the visa is initially valid for five years and can be extended for two more years. After seven years of legal residency, you become eligible to apply for Greek citizenship.

Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

1. Incomplete Documentation

Ensure all documents are correctly translated and certified. Missing paperwork can delay your application significantly.

2. Language Proficiency

If applying via naturalization, prepare thoroughly for the Greek language test to avoid complications.

3. Misunderstanding Residency Requirements

Double-check that you meet the residency duration requirements based on your path to citizenship.

Premium Citizen team understands the challenges that come with navigating the Greece Golden Visa and citizenship processes. We provide comprehensive support to help you avoid common pitfalls, ensuring your documentation is complete, your language proficiency is up to standard, and you meet all residency requirements.

Comparative Analysis with Other EU Dual Citizenship Programs

Greece vs. Malta

• Greece: Requires residency and language proficiency for naturalization.
• Malta: Offers a citizenship-by-investment program with no residency requirement.

Greece vs. Portugal

• Greece: 7-year residency for naturalization.
• Portugal: 5-year residency for naturalization, with similar language requirements.

Recent Legal Changes Affecting Greek Citizenship

Recent legal changes have made it easier for individuals to obtain Greek citizenship, especially for those of Greek descent and those applying through investment routes. Streamlined processes for naturalization and relaxed residency requirements for Golden Visa holders have opened up new opportunities for applicants. 

Updates to language and cultural integration requirements have made it more accessible to a wider range of individuals. With the increased recognition of dual citizenship, more people can now retain their original nationality while acquiring Greek citizenship. However, it’s essential to stay informed about these legal updates to avoid complications. 

Premium Citizen is here to help you navigate these changes, offering expert support and guidance to ensure a smooth and efficient citizenship process. Contact us today to learn how we can assist you in your journey to Greek citizenship!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1- Does Greece allow dual citizenship for U.S. citizens?

Yes, Greece permits U.S. citizens to hold dual citizenship, meaning you can be a citizen of both the U.S. and Greece simultaneously without the need to renounce either nationality.

2- How to get dual citizenship in Greece?

To obtain Greek dual citizenship, you can apply through several routes, such as by descent, marriage, naturalization, or investment. The most common route for those of Greek descent involves proving your ancestry, while naturalization typically requires living in Greece for a minimum of seven years. The process involves gathering necessary documents, submitting an application, and possibly undergoing an interview.

3- How to get Greek citizenship by marriage?

If you’re married to a Greek citizen, you can apply for Greek citizenship after three years of legal residence in Greece, as long as you are still married and living together. The process includes proving your marital status and residence, as well as demonstrating a basic knowledge of the Greek language and culture. You must submit the required documents, including your marriage certificate, to the relevant Greek authorities for review.

4- Can I get a Greek passport if my dad is Greek?

Yes, if your father is Greek, you are likely eligible for Greek citizenship by descent (jus sanguinis). To obtain Greek citizenship, you will need to provide proof of your father’s Greek citizenship, such as his birth certificate, and other relevant documents proving your lineage. Once your citizenship is confirmed, you can apply for a Greek passport.

5- How long does it take to get Greek dual citizenship?

The timeframe for obtaining Greek dual citizenship can vary depending on your specific situation, such as the type of application (descent, marriage, naturalization, or investment), the completeness of your documentation, and the processing times of Greek authorities. Generally, the process can take anywhere from 1 to 2 years.

6- Do I need to renounce my current citizenship?

No, Greece does not require individuals applying for Greek citizenship to renounce their current nationality. You can retain your U.S. citizenship while becoming a Greek citizen, allowing you to hold both passports legally.

Conclusion

Greek dual citizenship offers a unique blend of rich heritage and modern opportunities, granting individuals access to the benefits of the European Union while connecting them to a nation with a deep cultural legacy. 

For those seeking to enjoy the privileges of visa-free travel across the EU, access to high-quality healthcare and education, and the ability to invest and conduct business across the EU, obtaining Greek dual citizenship can open many doors. However, it’s essential to understand the eligibility criteria, the application process, and the potential responsibilities that come with dual citizenship.

By carefully navigating the legal steps and fulfilling the necessary requirements, individuals can become Greek citizens and fully embrace the many opportunities and benefits that Greece offers. Whether you’re reconnecting with your Greek ancestry or looking to build a new future in Greece, dual citizenship allows you to enjoy the best of both worlds.

Ready to begin your journey to Greek dual citizenship? Contact us today to learn more about the application process and how we can guide you every step of the way!